Who Falls of Classes?

 Who Falls into Poverty, Who Rises to Higher Classes?

To see which households fall below the poverty line, a set of data with two points of time for each household is needed. The households and individuals participating in the September 2020 Susenas and March 2020 Susenas are the same. Therefore, this data is representative of the changes in rank of an individual or household based on their welfare class. Welfare classes are divided into five groups, namely the poor, vulnerable, aspiring middle, middle, and upper classes (World Bank, 2019). Figure 4 shows the dynamic nature of changes in the welfare classes from March to September 2020 based on the number of individuals.

It can be seen that the number of poor individuals increased from March to September 2020. Half of the individuals living in poor households in September 2020 were those who were also below the poverty line in March 2020, while the other half came from low-income households. vulnerable to poor in March 2020. The good news is, as many as 40% of the poor in March 2020 came out of poverty, but only rose to the vulnerable poor group in September 2020. Of the vulnerable poor group in March 2020, half remained vulnerable to poverty in September 2020 and a quarter succeeded in advancing to the middle class candidate group.


Dynamics also occur in the middle class group. As many as 16% of the middle class candidate group in March 2020 fell into the vulnerable poor group in September 2020, 9% rose to the middle class group in September 2020, and most of the rest remained in the same class in September 2020. As much as 40% of the group the middle class fell into the middle class candidate group and only 1% rose to the top class group. One-third of the upper class group remained in the same group, while two-thirds changed positions with households from the middle class group.

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